Metaproteomic analysis of enzymatic composition in Baobaoqu fermentation starter for Wuliangye baijiu

Wuliangye is one of the most famous brands of baijiu in China. The typical flavours of Wuliangye baijiu are mainly formed by the multifarious enzymes in fermentation starter (Baobaoqu, BBQ). As the enzymes remained poorly understood, the detailed enzymatic composition of BBQ was analysed by metaproteomics for the first time. It is worth noting that the enzymes from plant, animals and micro-organisms were detected together and oxidoreductases were the dominant enzymes. Next, the analysis of function showed that the enzymes were mainly involved in carbon metabolism and the biosynthesis of amino acids. Additionally, the relationship between differential abundant enzymes and formation of typical flavour substances in premium and normal BBQ was established. Furthermore, the activities of classic enzymes in BBQ were examined to verify the reliability of metaproteomic results. This study will provide clues to further improve the manufacturing technology for Wuliangye baijiu.     

直投式纳豆菌发酵剂制备工艺优化

为探索出一种工艺简便、成本低且活菌数高的直投式纳豆菌（Bacillus natto）发酵剂的制备方法，该研究以大米粉为基质替代传统的种子液培养基培养纳豆菌后直接将其烘干制成直投式纳豆菌发酵剂，通过单因素及正交试验优化直投式纳豆菌发酵剂的制备工艺。结果表明，用含1.5%蛋白胨的大米粉作为培养基，在接种量4.0%、加水量40%、培养温度43 ℃条件下培养纳豆菌28 h，菌体生长良好，将培养物烘干后制成的直投式纳豆菌发酵剂中的活菌数含量达4.71×109 CFU/g。此技术操作简便，可推广至工业生产中，简化生产过程。     

海洋平台吊机软启动器设计应用与优化研究

软启动器作为大型电动机常采用的启停控制装置之一,越来越多地应用到海洋钻井生产过程中。该文从电动机启停特点、软启动器控制方式、接线,并结合海洋钻井平台吊机的设计思路及应用来分析,结合现场相关故障维修实例对软启动器升级改造方案进行了研究。     

Milk feeding level and starter protein content: Effects on growth performance,blood metabolites,and urinary purine derivatives of Holstein dairy calves

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of milk allowances equal to 526 g/d as moderate (MOD) versus 790 g/d of milk dry matter as high (HI), and starter diets containing 18% or 23% crude protein (CP), on growth performance, blood metabolites, and purine derivative (PD) excretion in the urine of dairy calves. A total of 52 female Holstein dairy calves (40.8 kg of body weight) were randomly assigned to the experimental diets. The treatments were (1) moderate milk and 18% CP starter diet (MOD-18CP); (2) MOD and 23% CP starter diet (MOD-23CP); (3) high milk and 18% CP starter diet (HI-18CP); and (4) HI and 23% CP starter diet (HI-23CP). Calves had free access to a starter feed and water and were weaned on d 53 but remained in the study until d 73. Urine samples were collected during the preweaning period (for 6 consecutive days between d 35 and 40) and postweaning period (for 6 consecutive days between d 65 and 70) to investigate urinary excretion of PD. Starter feed intake, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and blood urea concentrations were reduced; however, average daily gain (ADG) and blood glucose levels increased in calves fed HI before weaning compared with MOD. During the preweaning period, high milk feeding increased total urinary PD excretion but decreased it after weaning. The 23CP diet resulted in higher feed intake and ADG before weaning and higher excretion of allantoin and total excretion of PD compared with the 18CP diet. The HI-23CP treatment resulted in the greatest withers and hip heights at weaning and final measurement, as well as the highest preweaning blood insulin concentrations. In terms of rumen development, MOD-23CP showed the greatest benefits based on starter intake, blood BHB concentration, and urinary excretion of PD. Based on the higher urinary excretion of PD found in HI-fed calves before weaning, it is possible that milk feeding overestimates estimated microbial yield. The results suggest that feeding starters with a higher proportion of CP may help maintain a more balanced ratio of CP to ME during high milk feeding, to avoid protein deficiency due to low starter intake. When calves are fed a high milk allowance, urine excretion of PD may be misinterpreted as a measure of estimated microbial growth and rumen development; this should be considered during calculations of estimated microbial yield in milk-fed calves.     

起动机电气原理与故障检测

从电气角度介绍起动机的工作原理及常见故障检测方法。     

电机采用电脑节电软起动器的优点

介绍了电脑节电软起动器具有节电功能和良好的软起动特性,指出交流异步电动机推广应用软起动器技术经济实用,对实行节电控制,减少电费开支,扭亏为盈,提产降耗具有重要意义。     

排水泵站异步电动机起动方式浅谈

通过对排水泵站交流异步电动机直接起动、降压起动和软起动器三种不同起动方式的比较,以三林地区排水系统三航路雨水泵站工程为例,重点介绍了软起动器的起动原理和特点。它不仅降低电动机起动电流、减少对电网的冲击、能延长电动机及相关设备使用寿命,而且软停车功能,从根本上消除管道中的“水锤”现象。所以是一种比较适用于水泵的起动方式,随着性能价格比的提高,具有广泛的应用前景。     

航空发动机保险联轴节断裂原因分析

航空发动机保险联轴节在厂内试车和外场使用过程中多次出现断裂故障,严重影响了发动机的使用安全。本研究阐述了电机保险联轴节工作原理,建立了保险联轴节断裂故障树,对可能导致故障的因素进行了系统分析,故障原因主要是保险联轴节存在设计不当、加工精度不高、装配偏斜等问题,针对失效原因提出了改进措施,对发动机保险联轴节断裂排故分析有重要的参考作用。     

基于网络控制的电机软启动器故障分析与控制系统改造

某公司低压电机应用某合资品牌软启动器配合网络完成启停及反馈控制方式,正常运行时频繁发生软启动器无故障报警停机。针对这一现象进行深入分析、总结,并对其进行国产化改造,以保证设备运行可靠性及生产的稳定性。     

酿酒专用粮食在多粮浓香型白酒生产中的应用

针对浓香型白酒企业对酿酒粮食的选用要求,以专用粮食和普通粮食为原料应用于酿酒过程,对酿酒发酵过程中的物质变化进行跟踪检测。结果表明,酿酒专用粮食窖内发酵过程淀粉和还原糖利用率均优于普通粮食,且后期利用酸类和乙醇合成呈香呈味物质能力更强,出酒率和优级率分别较普通粮食提高1.5%和6%,表明酿酒专用粮食对提高原酒酒质效果明显。